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Nope, we all ARE FALLING into the sun, we just keep missing it. That's what an orbit is.
True enough. I would bet good money that Phil knows this, however, and was simplifying. (Please note his listed location.)
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If we could stop the Earth and hold it still everyone sun side would fly off the Earth into the sun. The Sun's gravity is stronger.
Definitely false. Newton\'s Law of Universal Gravitation states that not only do the masses matter (and certainly the sun has WAY more mass than the earth), so does the distance (or rather, its inverse) -- squared!

The pull of the earth on you (or me, or anyone on our planet) is far greater than that of the sun.

Now, if the earth somehow shed all its (tangential) velocity, we would indeed go plunging into the sun. Because the EARTH would, and we along with it!


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Anyways for nightfall to block out the sun it would have to be too far past the Earth to ever come back.
There's a rule that extra-solar objects must enter our solar system from one specific direction?

Do you know the most surprising thing about divorce? It doesn't actually kill you, like a bullet to the heart or a head-on car wreck. It should. When someone you've promised to cherish till death do you part says, "I never loved you," it should kill you instantly.

- Under the Tuscan Sun